From AvWeb:   Leaders of the Senate space and science subcommittee have sent a letter to the FAA urging it to further streamline commercial space launch and reentry approvals. Majority Leader Sen. Kyrsten Sinema (R-Arizona) and Ranking Member Eris Schmitt (D-Missouri)say red tape at the agency is threatening the country’s competitiveness, and in getting high-profile missions, like the Artemis moon landing program off the ground.

“As the pace of launches from U.S. commercial spaceflight companies increases and China’s state-backed space industry continues to grow, it is imperative that the processes at the FAA and other federal agencies adapt to keep pace with American innovation as well as adversarial threats in space,” the letter said according to CNN.

The FAA told the network it understands the issues and it’s doing its best, noting that it has approved 104 launches this year so far compared to 26 in 2019. “Keeping pace with industry demand is a priority and is important for several reasons, including meeting our national security and civil exploration needs,” an FAA spokesperson told CNN in a statement on Tuesday.  “We’re working diligently to attract, hire and retain additional staff.”

The history of the universe and how it evolved is broadly accepted as the Big Bang model, which states that the universe began as an incredibly hot, dense point roughly 13.7 billion years ago. So, how did the universe go from being fractions of an inch (a few millimeters) across to what it is today?

SpaceX’s first-generation Starlink network comprises over 3,200 satellites.

The company’s second-generation Starlink network was to have spanned a massive 29,988 satellites—that was until Thursday, 01 December 2022, when the U.S. Federal Communications Commission granted Elon Musk’s space concern authority to operate only 7,500 satellites at altitudes over five-hundred-kilometers above the Earth.

The FCC’s decision was predicated in part on concerns expressed by rival telecommunication companies, environmental groups, astronomers, and other disgruntled parties about the second-generation satellite constellation’s immense size.

In its 01 December decision, the FCC wrote: “This limited grant and associated conditions will protect other satellite and terrestrial operators from harmful interference and maintain a safe space environment, promoting competition and protecting spectrum and orbital resources for future use. To address concerns about orbital debris and space safety, we limit this grant to 7,500 satellites only, operating at certain altitudes.”

Notwithstanding the partial approval—which underscores the compulsions and ethos for which the agency is infamous—the FCC rationalizes that it has indeed increased the number of satellites it’s permitting SpaceX to launch. According to the FCC, this baffling mathematical convolution derives of SpaceX’s plans to consolidate 7,518 satellites from its unlaunched V-band satellite constellation into the second-generation network.

“This means our action today does not increase the total number of satellites SpaceX is authorized to deploy, and in fact slightly reduces it, as compared to the total number of satellites SpaceX would potentially have deployed otherwise,” the Commission somewhat bafflingly wrote.

The FCC insinuated, however, that it might approve additional second-generation Starlink satellites in the future, stating: "The smaller number of satellites will allow continued monitoring of deployment based on conditions adopted in this Order, prior to consideration of the much larger number of satellites SpaceX requests over the long term.”

That a federal agency ostensibly dedicated to the furtherance of communication is capable of such labyrinthine equivocation is a triumph of irony.

The FCC—in addition to contemporaneously culling, supplementing, and culling the Starlink satellite population—has made it incumbent upon SpaceX to coordinate with NASA, the National Science Foundation, and specific observatories for purpose of preventing Starlink from interfering with scientific missions. Per FCC edict, second-generation Starlink satellites—to mitigate spectrum interference—must use “no more than one satellite beam” while “in the same frequency in the same or overlapping areas at a time.”

Expansion of extant satellite constellations is crucial to Starlink, which is facing chronic congestion woes. Since the beginning of 2022, data transmission speeds for U.S. and Canadian Starlink customers have dropped as ever-increasing numbers of users strain the network’s capacity. SpaceX plans to remedy the conundrum by launching larger, more powerful second-generation satellites at weekly intervals starting in 2023.

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SpaceX's Starlink megaconstellation is designed to provide global broadband coverage for high-speed internet access, particularly for people in rural and remote areas. Each of the flat-panel Starlink satellites weighs roughly a quarter-ton and are built in-house at a SpaceX facility in Redmond, Washington. (The company also manufactures its own own user terminals and ground stations.)  While SpaceX expects its initial set of Starlink satellites to be 1,440 strong, the company has plans to launch thousands more. Company founder and CEO Elon Musk has said SpaceX needs between 500 and 800 satellites in orbit before service can begin to roll out. SpaceX is inching closer and closer to that goal, as it has delivered nearly 800 into orbit so far.

The Federal Communications Commission has granted SpaceX permission to launch as many as 12,000 of the flat-panel broadband satellites, but SpaceX may not stop there. The company has indicated it will see approval to launch as many as 30,000 of its internet-beaming satellites to beam down high-speed, low-latency Internet signals.